"Too frequent rewards indicate that the general is at the end of his resources; too frequent punishments that he is in acute distress."

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As all those have shown who have discussed civil institutions, and as every history is full of examples, it is necessary to whoever arranges to found a Republic and establish laws in it, to presuppose that all men are bad and that they will use their malignity of mind every time they have the opportunity.

— Niccolo Machiavelli